Concentration Camp,Theresienstadt,1943 Czechoslovakia ,100 Kronen EF+/AU

Description

<div style="text-align:center"><img src="http://ti2.auctiva.com/sw/java.gif" border="0"><br><table align="center"><tr><td><a style="text-decoration:none" href="http://store.auctiva.com/notascript"><img src="http://ti2.auctiva.com/sw/browse2.gif" border="0"></a></td><td height="21px" valign="middle" align="center"><font face="arial" size="2"><b><a href="http://store.auctiva.com/notascript">notascript</a> Store</b></font></td></tr></table></div>
One note of   Theresienstadt ,Czechoslovakia , Concentration Camp currency,1943 ,100 Kronen,
Condition (opinion): Extremely Fine +/About uncirculated (EF+/AU) .
See scan.See below some information related found on the web.
------------------------------------------------------------
Postage, including packing material, handling fees : Europe: USD 4.10 / USA $ 4.90. Rest of the World: USD 5.30
FREE of postage for any other additional banknote , stocks & bonds or other items
Only one shipping charge per shipment (the highest one) no matter how many items you buy (combined shipping).
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Guaranteed genuine -
One
month
return
policy
for
the
banknotes (retail sales)
Full refund policy ,including shipping cost,guaranteed in case of lost or theft after the completion of the complaint with Spanish Correos for the registered letters (purchases above $ 40.00).
Customers are invited to combine purchases to save postage.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
has the signature of Jakob Edelstein, the "Oldest of the Jews" (Der Aelteste der Juden in Theresienstadt) and an important historical figure, bears the vignette of Moses with the Ten Commandments and a Star of David.
.......money that is claimed to be part of the propaganda presented to the Red Cross committee. In fact, despite the claims that these were just papers without any real value and were never used, ex-residents of Theresienstadt describe how they each received 50 crowns every month free with which to buy things.
See some related information from the web:
Historical note
On November 24, 1941, the Germans established a Jewish ghetto in the fortress town of Terezin, Czechoslovakia. Known by its German name, Theresienstadt, it functioned as a ghetto and transit camp on the route to Auschwitz, until its liberation on May 8, 1945.
Currency used in Theresienstadt (Terezin) was designed by Czech artist Peter Kien, who was interned there and later died in Auschwitz. On the front of each bill was an engraved portrait of Moses holding the Ten Commandments in Hebrew.
"When Kien initially submitted his designs to Reinhard Heydrich, they were rejected. Because Heydrich objected to the fact that Moses looked too Aryan, the notes were modified to show Moses with more strongly stereotyped Semitic features; the design had to conform to the Nazi vision of Jewish appearance. The final design shows Moses with a long hooked nose and curly hair. Heydrich also demanded that the hand of Moses cover the commandment that stated "Thou Shalt Not Kill." (From Life in the Ghettos During the Holocaust, edited by Eric J. Sterling.)
Theresienstadt was originally a fortress in Czechoslovakia built in 1870, which later became a town of 3,500 inhabitants. Unfortunately the Nazis crammed up to 53,000 in this small area at one time - this caused disease and great suffering for the unfortunate detainees. Out of the 144,000 that passed into this camp during the war, there were only 17,247 survivors. 15,000 children also lived at the camp - very few survived. It was at first a 'model' camp to make the world believe that this was merely a holiday camp for cultured Jews. Later it became a transition camp - 88,000 people were transported to extermination camps from here.
In the summer of 1942, the Nazis decided to create a ghetto bank, with each resident receiving a fixed amount of money depending in which of five categories such resident belonged. The currency was designed by Peter Kien and printed by the National Bank in Prague. Reinhard Heydrich was SS Deputy Reich Protector in Bohemia & Moravia and he ordered that the picture of Moses be changed to conform to the Nazi caricature of a Jew. The other side of the scrip contains the printed signature of Jakob Edelstein as the "Eldest of the Jews in Theresienstdat." The notes are dated January 1, 1943, but did not go into circulation until May, 1943.
History of Ghetto Theresienstadt
Gate leads outside the walled town of Theresienstadt
Americans normally think of a "ghetto" as a section of a large city that is a rundown, dilapidated, rat-infested slum inhabited by one ethnic group that has been forced to live there because of discrimination or institutionalized racism. In former times in Europe, "ghetto" was the term for a walled section of a city where the Jews were forced, according to the laws of the city, to live separately from the Christians. Because of over-crowding and isolation, these ghettos usually turned into slums. So when the Germans turned the town of Theresienstadt into a Jewish ghetto in November 1941, this was not by any means a Nazi innovation. Even before the word ghetto came into use, and long before the Nazis came upon the scene, the Jews were eventually segregated into a ghetto in almost every city where they settled. Usually they were already living in a separate part of the city, known as the Jewish quarter. These segregated quarters became ghettos only after walls were erected, a curfew for the Jews was established, and the Jews were forced to wear distinctive clothing to instantly identify themselves to non-Jews.
The word "ghetto" derives from the name of an area of the city of Venice where the city's foundries were located. In the Venetian dialect, a foundry was known as a "geto" which meant a workshop or a factory. The word "geto" was derived from the verb "gettare" which means "to cast" as in to cast iron in a foundry.
After the Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492 and from Portugal in 1497, many of them settled in Venice. In 1516, a city decree forced the Jews of Venice to live on a small island with only two access points which were sealed off at sunset. This island had previously been the area of the "gheto nuovo" or new workshops.
However, even before the word ghetto came into use, the Jews, particularly in Poland, were confined to walled sections of the city where they lived. In 1492 the Jews of Krakow in Poland were put into a walled-off section after they were accused of setting fires in the city. There were no walled Jewish ghettos in the Old Reich, as Germany proper was called, during Hitler's regime. Hitler sent the German Jews to the Lodz ghetto, located in what had formerly been Poland or to Theresienstadt, located in what was formerly the country of Czechoslovakia.
After the Nazis invaded Poland and then occupied the country, they initially put the Polish Jews into ghettos, using the excuse that had been used for centuries, that the Jews were responsible for spreading disease. Later, these ghettos became a convenient way to concentrate the Jews in one location for eventual transport to the concentration camps for extermination in Hitler's "Final Solution to the Jewish Question."
On October 10, 1941, the Germans initially decided to make Theresienstadt into a ghetto for selected Jews in the German Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and in the Greater German Reich, which included Austria and part of western Poland. The Jews who were to be sent to Theresienstadt included those over 60 years old, World War I veterans, prominent people such as artists or musicians, very important persons, the blind, the deaf, and the inmates of the Jewish mental hospitals and the Jewish orphanages.
The first Jews, who were brought to Theresienstadt on November 24, 1941, were 342 men who were housed in the Sudeten barracks on the west side of the old garrison, from where one can see the Sudeten mountain range near the border between Germany and the Czech Republic. This first transport, called the Aufbaukommando, was brought there to prepare the 10 barracks buildings for the rest of the Jews who would soon follow. On December 4, 1941 another transport of 1,000 Jews who were to form the Jewish "self-government" of the ghetto was sent to Theresienstadt. These two early transports became known as AK1 and AK2.
A short time after the construction crews had prepared the barracks, 7,000 Jews from Prague and Brno in what is now the Czech Republic arrived in the ghetto; men and women were put into separate barracks and they were not allowed to mix with the townspeople. On Feb. 16, 1942, the 3,500 townspeople were given notice that they had to evacuate the town by June 30th. At that time, the whole town was converted into a prison camp for the Jews.
Even before the transports departed to Theresienstadt, the Jewish Council of the Elders (Ältestenrat) was appointed in Prague to do the ghetto administration. The Nazis gave oral orders to the Council each day and the Jewish "self-government" informed the prisoners of the order of the day.
There were three Jewish Elders (Judenältester) who served in turn as the head of the ghetto "self-government." The first was Jakob Edelstein, who served as the ghetto Elder from December 4, 1941 to November 27, 1943. He was arrested for falsifying camps records and was sent to the Small Fortress across
Gate into Dresden barracks for women which has an inner courtyard
The first transport to be sent to the east from Theresienstadt consisted of 2,000 Jews who were sent to Riga on January 9, 1942 from the Bohusovice station. According to Holocaust historian Martin Gilbert, all 2,000 were taken to the nearby Rumbuli forest where they were shot. The most horrible aspect of this is that the Jewish "self-government" in the camp was initially in charge of selecting the people for the transports, although they did not know what their fate would be at that time. Unwittingly, they sent the young able-bodied Jews to their deaths, thinking that they were sending workers to labor camps in the east.
A total of 44,693 Jews from Theresienstadt were sent to Auschwitz, where all but a few of them perished. On September 8, 1943, a transport of 5,006 Czech Jews was sent to Auschwitz where they were put into a "family camp" which was liquidated six months later. There were 22,503 Jews from Theresienstadt who were transported to unknown destinations in the east.
In keeping with the stated policy at the Wannsee Conference on January 20, 1942, Hitler's plan was to evacuate all the Jews to the east. Eight thousand were sent from Theresienstadt to Treblinka and 1,000 to Sobibor, two death camps that were right on the border between German occupied Poland and the Soviet Union. Another 1,000 were transported from the Theresienstadt ghetto to a concentration camp near the village of Maly Trostenets, just outside of Minsk in what is now Belarus, better known to Americans as White Russia. Two thousand Jews from the ghetto were sent to Zamosc, 3,000 to Izbica and 3,000 to Lublin, all of which were cities near the eastern border of occupied Poland.
Although the Theresienstadt ghetto was originally supposed to be a home for elderly Jews, the Nazis began including some of the older inmates in the transports to the east after the camp population on September 18, 1942 had reached 58,497, its highest number of prisoners. With such horrendous overcrowding, the death toll was around 4,000 just for the month of September in 1942 and most of the dead were elderly people. Between September 19, 1942 and October 22, 1942, there were 11 transports carrying ghetto inmates from Theresienstadt to other camps farther east in order to relieve the overcrowding.
In the northwest section of the old garrison town, there is a building, called the Bauhof by the Nazis, that was used in the ghetto for craft workshops. It is the yellow building shown in the photograph below. To the right you can see part of the old fortifications; the road shown in the photograph goes through an opening in the fortifications here.
Bauhof where workshops were located near Litomerice gate
According to the Ghetto Museum, in 1945 a homicidal gas chamber was built in a corridor of the town's fortifications wall near the Litomerice gate, which is right by the Bauhof building, shown in the photograph above. (Click here to see a map of the ghetto. The Bauhof building is number 14 on the map.) According to Martin Gilbert, this gas chamber was never "activated."
The homicidal gas chamber is directly across from the Jäger (Hunter) barracks, an identical building on the opposite side of the town, which was used as a disinfection station where the prisoners and their clothing were deloused. The prisoners were disinfected by being completely submerged in a tub containing a chemical which would kill the lice on their bodies. At the same time, their clothing was disinfected by hot steam, and they would have to put their clothes back on while they were still wet and then return to their barracks. The oldest inmates of the ghetto were housed in the Jäger barracks so they wouldn't get chilled by walking through the cold in wet clothes. Behind the Jäger barracks is the Südberg or South Hill where a a soccer field was built for the inmates.
The ghetto inmates became aware of the Theresienstadt homicidal gas chamber and were planning to blow it up, but the war ended just in time to save the Theresienstadt Jews from being gassed right in the ghetto. In October 1944, the Jews at Birkenau (Auschwitz II) did manage to blow up one of the homicidal gas chambers and shortly thereafter, Heinrich Himmler is believed to have ordered the gassing operation to be stopped. The gas chambers at Auschwitz-Birkenau were converted into air raid shelters, since the Allies had begun bombing the camp, after taking aerial photos which showed extensive munitions factories there.
The photograph below shows the fortifications on either side of the Litomerice gate on the northwest side of Theresienstadt. When Theresienstadt was a ghetto for the Jews, this road was closed off and there was no traffic through the garrison town.
The Litomerice gate is an opening between the fortifications walls
There were rumors circulating in all of the major Nazi concentration camps toward the end of the war that Hitler had given the orde